Rabu, 24 Juni 2015

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Eat Junk Food
1.      Definition

The term “junk food” is used to describe food that is low in nutritional value, with a comparatively high caloric value. Many people try to avoid or limit such food in their diets, out of concerns that it is not healthy, despite the fact that numerous food manufacturers produce a range of products which could be considered junk. Nutritionists, doctors, and other health advocates often work to educate people about junk food, encouraging them to eat well balanced diets which contain a high proportion of healthy foods.
This term was coined in 1972 by advocates at the Center for Science in the Public Interest who wanted to raise public attention about the issue of foods with a high caloric value and a low nutritional value. For manufacturers, producing such foods has great appeal, as they tend to be cheap to make and easy to handle. They also have an extended shelf life, making them easy for stores to stock and sell.
Foods which fall under the umbrella of “junk food” vary, depending on a number of factors. Snack foods like chips, candies, and so forth are generally universally agreed upon as fitting in this category, and some people also lump fast food like hamburgers, pizza, and fries into the group. In some communities, ethnic takeaway food like gyros, Indian curries, tacos, fish and chips, and so on is also considered to be junk food.
Often, the foods which someone considers to be junk food are very telling. Definitions tend to hinge on someone's class and social status. People with more money tend to have a broader definition, causing some people to accuse them of class snobbery, while lower-income individuals may recognize fewer foods as junk food. Especially in the case of ethnic foods, a classification as “junk food” could be perceived as rather offensive, given that such foods have been prepared and consumed for centuries, and many are actually quite healthy.
As a general rule, no matter what one classifies as junk food, such foods are perfectly safe to eat, as long as they are integrated into a well balanced diet. There's nothing wrong with having somepotato chips now and then, but consuming a diet based primarily on such food is a cause for concern. Because junk food often lacks useful vitamins and minerals, people who eat it exclusively may suffer from nutritional deficiencies that could cause health problems, and they may experience other physical issues like indigestion as a consequence.
In some regions of the world, advertising of junk food is carefully controlled and monitored, out of the concern that such foods often appeal to children. Advertisers may be specifically prohibited from making advertising which targets children, for example, and any claims made about the nutritional benefit of foods are typically closely evaluated to determine how factual they are.
2.      Junk Food Adverse Effect for Health Food
·         Weight rise quickly
The negative effects of fast food on children especially are gaining weight very quickly, often cause excessive weight gain or even obesity. Because sometimes it feels good, so it tends to make children overeat and addiction. Candy, soft drinks, french fries and other fried foods, pizza, burgers, and ice cream are examples of foods high in sugar and fat, which will give you hundreds of calories per day to your child.
·         Diabetes Type 2
Junk food can put children at high risk of type 2 diabetes, which occurs when a person can not properly regulate their blood sugar levels. This risk will increase when a person is obese, or a diet high in carbohydrates and high glycemic, such as sugar, refined starch in sweets, white bread and potatoes. Type 2 diabetes also increases the risk of kidney failure.
·         Malnutrition
Junk food can lead to malnutrition, if kids just eat it and do not want healthy foods that contain essential nutrients. Healthy meals and snacks should provide essential nutrients, such as vitamin B, magnesium, iron, as can didapaty from eating whole grain cereals and grains. Calcium from milk or yogurt, healthy fats and fiber from beans, while vitamin A and vitamin C bisai obtained from eating fruits and vegetables fresh. Conversely, children may not get these nutrients when only eat foods such as breakfast sandwiches, potato chips, candy and soft drinks.
·         Cardiovascular Disease
Junk food is also often high in saturated fat, which greatly increases the LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in children. Junk food is generally rich in saturated fats are pizza, ice cream, processed meat and full-fat cheese. High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease, and eating foods that are high in sodium causes high blood pressure. Children may be at risk of high blood pressure, when often eat salty junk food like potato chips, french fries, pretzels, pizza and burritos.
·         Increase the risk of heart disease
A study by the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, examined about the harmful effects of junk food. This study was conducted over 10 years involving more than 60,000 Singaporeans of Chinese descent. Participants aged between 45-74 years. During the 10 year period of the study, showed 1,397 participants died from heart disease and 2,252 suffering from type 2 diabetes.
This study came to the conclusion that eating junk food two or more times a week had a 27 percent greater likelihood of developing diabetes and 56 percent died from heart disease, compared with participants who rarely or never eat junk food. Even 811 participants were known to eat junk food four times or more per week, the risk of death from heart attacks increased by 80 percent.
·         Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer, or cancer that attacks the organs of the colon and rectum, mostly strikes people over the age of 50 years. However, in Indonesia known for some patients under the age of 50 years are also suffering from this cancer. The proliferation of junk food restaurants or junk food accused of being the cause of high colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia.
DR. dr. Noorwati Sutandyo, Sp.PD, KHOM advised to prevent colorectal cancer early. This can cultivated eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, fish and plenty of exercise. Besides early as possible to reduce or not to eat junk food at all. Colorectal cancer is a cancer that can be prevented and treated if it is still in the low stage.
·         The lower IQ in children
Research from the University of Adelaide shows that a diet full of junk food in small age, the child will make a lower IQ two points of many children who do not eat junk food as a child.
Although differences in IQ is not so obvious, this study proves that the diet of children aged 6 to 24 months giving a small but significant effect on IQ at the age up to 8 years. Therefore, it is important for parents to consider the long-term impact of food given to children.

3.      Dangers of Junk Food For Health
Health Articles news, january 4, 2015 viva.co.id
DekaMulyana.com - Eating junk food is delicious and also because of the practical, but it is already not be denied anymore if fast food or junk food it is not recommended to be consumed excessively, because it can interfere with health. Fast food is known to contain a lot of fat, which of course it is one of the causes of obesity.
But junk food can also be safe to eat if it is not excessive and can be balanced with vegetables, fruit or other fibrous foods. Here is a review about the dangers of junk food.
Not good for brain health
Some research, junk food is not recommended for children - children, especially infants, because it can degrade significantly IQ. For those pregnant women, junk food is also not recommended because it is dangerous for infants branch for the same reasons, ie not good for the baby's brain development.
Actually, not only the child - the child alone, in adults too. junk food can cause changes in the brain that are responsible for the decision making process.
See also: brain food that can make stupid
Lead to obesity
Junk food is known to contain a lot of fat, not only that, most people who frequently eat fast food, his appetite became uncontrollable alias frequent overeating, especially mined active kuran habits and sedentary, it can lead to obesity or obesity quickly.
Junk Food also contains a lot of sugar and salt, if not balanced with healthy foods such as vegetables, ready meals is very dangerous if consumed too frequently.
According to another study, junk food or the so-called fast food can also trigger a variety of other diseases, such as heart attacks, cancer and increases the risk of depression.
Tips safe to consume junk food
If you are very busy and do not have time to create their own dishes, there is a good idea to always tuck healthy eating such vegetables and fruits at a fast food you will consume, if need plenty of exercise in the morning to minimize the adverse impacts caused by junk food The.
Chairman of the Foundation for Conscious Nutrition Society Movement (Gemazi), dr Tirta Sari Purwita mangatakan, that no food is dangerous if it is coupled with a diet rich in fiber, such as vegetables and fruit - fruit in order to maintain nutritional balance.
Okay, so that's the danger of junk food for health and safety tips for mengonsusmi this junk food. Hope it is useful.
4.      How to Reduce Junk Food Consumption
-          Apply the Rule Five Ingredients
Check the material composition in the packaging labels of processed foods before you buy them. Should avoid buying foods that contain more than five ingredients. Or at least, do not make the product as your daily consumption. This way you avoid a sudden desire to buy a rich flavor chips or cookies in the packaging when shopping.
-          Select Three Colors
Research at Cornell University in 2012 revealed that people prefer to see there are three types of food with three different colors on the top plate. So, instead of eating candy, just choose a snack in the form of nuts (which are rich in good fats), sliced ​​fruit and a small piece of dark chocolate (dark chocolate) to obtain a variety of colors, textures, as well as nutrition.
-          Change Routines
Just needed a few weeks to form a habit. If at certain times you get used to offset the favorite fast food shop, start with a positive healthy activities, such as walking around your office complex for five minutes.
-          Friendly With Healthy Food
Only the consumption of foods that are simple, yet healthy, as a dessert. Fruits, such as grapes in your refrigerator, it may be an option.
-          Ensure Healthy Foods Easily Reached
Try begin storing healthy foods in a place easily accessible. The most easily visible in the refrigerator or on the kitchen table can be the right choice. Unhealthy snack devoured very easy because just open the packaging alone. So, always provide slices of fruit or vegetables are ready to eat so that you are more tempted to mencocolnya with hummus.
-          Identification of the food Penggoyah
Know what foods are the usual triggers your desire to eat unhealthy snack. If the red velvet cake or pretzels are usually the easiest to shake your faith, it would be nice to get rid of those foods from your home.
-          Know Facts Negative
Find out the contents whatever is in the fast food you eat. Negative facts in foods, such as carcinogenic substances, preservatives, can make you think again and again to make friends with these foods.
-          Chew Longer
"If you can get people to chew longer, you will make them consume less," was revealed Adam Melonas, founder of UNREAL candy. So every time you eat unhealthy snack, chew slowly and with full awareness. Make sure you swallow whole foods in your mouth first before entering again the next mouthful.
Source:
http://tipsehat4u.blogspot.com/2012/08/efek-berbahaya-makan-junk-food.html

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

LEARNING ENGLISH


The importance of learning English cannot be overstated in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. For the millions of immigrants who travel the world from non-English-speaking countries every year, learning to communicate in English is important to enter and ultimately succeed in mainstream English speaking countries. Working knowledge of the English language can create many opportunities in international markets and regions.
International Language
English is the fourth most widely spoken native language in the world, and in terms of sheer number of speakers, it is the most spoken official language in the world. It is the primary language used in international affairs. The English language has official status even in nations where it is not the primary spoken language. English is indisputably the primary language of global trade and commerce. In many countries, most tourism authorities and other officials in contact with the public speak English to interact and engage with tourists and immigrants.
Digital Age
While progress has been made in language-translation software and allied technologies, the primary language of the ubiquitous and all-influential World Wide Web is English. English is typically the language of latest-version applications and programs and new freeware, shareware, peer-to-peer, social media networks and websites. Software manuals, hardware-installation guides and product fact sheets of popular consumer electronics and entertainment devices usually are available in English first before being made available in other languages.
Higher Learning
In universities and colleges in Great Britain, the Unites States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore, which attract the most number of international students, the primary language of instruction is English. Most of the top business schools, medical centers and advanced-study institutes are located in North America and Great Britain, and English is the language used in every activity at these institutions of higher learning. Most peer-to-peer journals and technical periodicals that give international acclaim to scientists, engineers, technologists, and technocrats are printed in English.
Anglo-Saxon Influence
The influence of the United States and Great Britain on political affairs and international relations for the past 100 years has ensured the proliferation and acceptance of English as the primary spoken language in many countries. The widespread acceptance of American pop culture also has contributed to the primacy of the English language. A working knowledge of English is important for diplomats and high-ranking officials in such major countries as Germany, Japan, France, South Korea, Brazil, Italy, and Russia so they can better understand the nuance and craft of global affairs and international diplomacy.
Job Opportunities
Knowing English opens job and employment opportunities in many countries and markets. Multilateral institutions and agencies in the four United Nation cities of New York, Vienna, The Hague and Geneva recruit professionals with multilingual skills but also expect the candidates to have good English-speaking skills. The Commonwealth of Nations, made up of 50-plus countries that were former British colonies or dependencies, also offers numerous employment opportunities to those who understand and communicate in English.
10 REASONS TO LEARN ENGLISH
Learning English is important and people all over the world decide to study it as a second language. Many countries include English as a second language in their school syllabus and children start learning English at a young age. However, do you know why learning English is so important? Here are ten good reasons to study English:
1.      English is the most commonly spoken language in the world. One out of five people can speak or at least understand English!
2.      English is the language of science, of aviation, computers, diplomacy, and tourism. Knowing English increases your chances of getting a good job in a multinational company within your home country or of finding work abroad.
3.      English is the official language of 53 countries. That is a lot of people to meet and speak to.
4.      English is spoken as a first language by around 400 million people around the world.
5.      English is the language of the media industry. If you speak English, you won’t need to rely on translations and subtitles anymore to enjoy your favourite books, songs, films and TV shows.
6.      English is also the language of the Internet. Many websites are written in English – you will be able to understand them and to take part in forums and discussions.
7.      English is based on a simple alphabet and it is fairly quick and easy to learn compared to other languages.
8.      English is not only useful — it gives you a lot of satisfaction. Making progress feels great. You will enjoy learning English, if you remember that every hour you spend gets you closer to perfection.
9.      Since English is spoken in so many different countries there are thousands of schools around the world that offer programmes in English. If you speak English, there’re lots of opportunities for you to find an appropriate school and course to suit your academic needs.
10.  Because it’s fun! By learning English, you will also learn about other cultures. Few experiences will make you grow as a person more than learning the values, habits and way of life in a culture that is different from yours.
METHOD LEARN ENGLISH
 In general, we learn English by taking courses in the English language training, where we will get the help of professional teachers. Then, there are some who learn English as a self-taught, with reading English books, watch TV or movies, or even watch a video tutorial on Youtube. However, in the end the method of learning English well is through the two ways mentioned above. Each of these methods, either through the help of an English teacher or learning self-taught, has its advantages and disadvantages of each. If the combination will result in a fairly effective method for studying the language.
English lessons we get from schools or courses, of course, will allow us to better understand the lesson, is not it? Not necessarily, because in this case, it all depends on the quality of teaching itself. But, if teachers already qualified, then the advantage for students is that, if there is material that is poorly understood, the student can ask it directly to the teacher until he understood. Another advantage is that the material received by the students has been designed according to the needs and ability. The curriculum used in schools as well as the course has been tested and qualified. However, all this will be useless if students do not practice the art in their everyday lives. Herein lies the shortcomings of this method, that is if we do not have the motivation to learn outside of the lessons we derive from educational institutions, then our ability will not develop because no monitor for the study.
Method of learning English self-taught, which we are motivated to learn it themselves via video tutorials or books, tend to be quicker to fruition when compared with previous methods. This is caused by the value of motivation itself. If a person has the intention of learning English, then the quantity of learning the person, generally will be greater. However, the location of the problem is the quality of the science that he received. Without anyone to monitor the extent to which these people have grown to be difficult to be detected.
Thus, the merger of the two would be a very effective method to get a good learning outcomes. Namely, through the educational institutions with the help of a teacher, as well as the motivation to train and develop the knowledge in everyday life.
ADVANTAGES AND DISAVANTAGES OF LEARNING ENGLISH BUSINESS
Learning English is important, what else in the business world. Because this time the world of work more glance at those who have English language skills. But learning English, especially in the business world has its advantages and disadvantages, the following advantages and disadvantages of learning English business.
Advantages Learning Business English is:
1. Adding science to open up business opportunities in the English language;
2. As the capital to find work because of the current world of work is more focused on; the ability of businesses to use English mainly on foreign companies;
3. Adding insight into the business world, especially by using language Inngris;
4. Add the English vocabulary of the business world;
5. Increase knowledge in a structured English tenses.
Disadvantages Learning Business English is:
1. We only just mastered the English language especially English in the business world;
2. Mother (Indonesian) less a concern again;
3. other foreign languages ​​are not developed because only fixated on the English language.
SOURCE:

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

PASSIVE VOICE
A.    DEFINITION
Passive Voice (Passive Sentences) is the subject of his sentence subject to a job or suffer a. In other words, the subject of the sentence is being targeted activity expressed by the verb. In Indonesian characteristics of passive voice is beginning with the verb "di-" and some again have the prefix "ter-" (depending on the context of the sentence). One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - orpassive.
Active Voice (Sentence On) is the subject of his sentences do some thing or doing a job. In Indonesian characteristics of the active sentence is the verb is always beginning with "me-" and several more have the prefix "ber-". In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
B.     FORMULA
Active Voice:
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Passive Voice:
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
 

C.      EXAMPLE


D.    MAKE THE CHANGE ON ACTIVE SENTENCE TO BE PASSIVE SENTENCE

1.      Simple Present Tense
Active : My mother always cleans the floor every morning.
Passive : The floor is always cleaned by my mother every morning.
2.      Simple Past Tense
Active : Fadhila watched the movie in the theatre last night.
Passive : The movie was watched by Fadhila in the theatre last night.
3.      Present Continuous Tense
Active : They are making a rainbow cake now.
Passive : A rainbow cake is being made by them now.
4.      Present Future Tense
Active :  The enginers will complete this building next week.
Passive : This building will be completed by the enginers next week.
5.      Present Perfect Tense·                
Active : The manager has interviewed some candidates.
Passive : Some candidates have been interviewed by the manager.
6.      Past Continuous Tense
Active : She was buying some books last night.
Passive : Some books were being bought by her last night.
7.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Active :  Many people have been speaking English.
Passive : English has been being spoken by many people.
8.      Present Future Continuous Tense
Active: She will be washing the car.
Pasive : The car will be being washed by her.
9.      Present Future Perfect Tense
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
10.  Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Active    : She will have been eating a chicken.
Passive  : The chicken will have been being eaten by her.

11.  Past Perfect Tense
Active : Carroll had made a good decision to leave Liverpool.
Passive : A good decision had been made by Carroll to leave Liverpool.
12.  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
13.  Past Future Tense
Active : She gives me a dictionary.
Passive : A dictionary is given by her to me.
14.  Past Future Continuous Tense
Active : They would be learning English when you came.
Passive : English would be being learned by them when you came.
15.  Past Future Perfect Tense
Active : Many people would have spoken English.
Passive : English would have been spoken by many people.
16.  Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Active : I would have been listening to the music for 15 minutes.
Passive : The music would have been being listened by me for 15 minutes.

17.  Simple Future Tense
Active : My mother will cook gold fish tonight.
Passive : Goldfish will be cooked by my mother tonight.
E.     MAKE THE CHANGE ON PASSIVE SENTENCE TO BE ACTIVE SENTENCE
1.      Simple Present Tense
Passive  : The rabbits are fed by Keanu everyday.
Active    : Keanu feeds the rabbits everyday.
2.      Simple Past Tense
Passive  : The letter was written by Nana.
Active    : Nana wrote the letter last night.
3.      Present Continuous Tense
Passive  : English is being studied by us.
Active    : We are studying english. 
4.      Present Future Tense
Passive : A letter will be sent by her this afternoon.
Active : She will send a letter this afternoon.
5.      Present Perfect Tense·                
Passive  : Harry Potter movie has been watched by Zahran.
Active    : Zahran has watched Harry Potter movie.
6.      Past Continuous Tense
Passive : The newspaper was being read by him.
Active : He was reading the newspaper.
7.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Passive  : The TOEFL Test has been being done by them for two hours.
Active    : They have been doing the TOEFL Test for two hours.
8.      Present Future Continuous Tense
Passive  : A short story will be being written by me if you come to my house at 4 o'clock this afternoon.
Active    : I shall be writting a short story if you come to my house at 4 o'clock this afternoon.
9.      Present Future Perfect Tense
Passive  : This car will have been bought by him next month.
Active   : He will have bought this car next month.
10.  Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Passive  : The TV will have been being watched by her.
Active    : She will have been watching TV.
11.  Past Perfect Tense
Passive  : The room had been cleaned by Mala before I came.
Active    : Mala had cleaned the room before I came.
12.  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Passive  : Tenis had been being played since 4 o'clock.
Active    : He had been playing Tenis since 4 o'clock.
13.  Past Future Tense
Passive : His family would be visited by him.
Active : He would visit his family.
14.  Past Future Continuous Tense
Passive   : The music would be being listened by her when the phone rang.
Active    : She would be listening to the music when the phone rang.
15.  Past Future Perfect Tense
Passive  : She would have been married by me if i had become an engineer three years ago.
Active    : I would have married her if i had become an engineer three years ago.
16.  Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Passive  : English would have been being learned by her for 2 years in 2015.
Active    : She would have been learning english for 2 years in 2015.
17.  Simple Future Tense
Passive  : The clothes are going to be washed by my sister tomorrow.
Active    : My sister is going to wash the clothes tomorrow.

F.    DAFTAR PUSTAKA